//  Number Spiral

#include<bits/stdc++.h>

using namespace std;
using ll = long long;

int main() {
    int t; cin >> t;
    for (int i{}; i < t; i++) {
        ll x, y;
        cin >> y >> x;

        if (y >= x) {
            ll yy = y * (y-1) + 1;
            if (y & 1) yy -= (y - x);
            else yy += (y - x);
            cout << yy << endl;
        } else {
            ll xx = x * (x - 1) + 1;
            if (x & 1) xx += (x - y);
            else xx -= (x - y);
            cout << xx << endl;
        }
    }
     return 0;
}